Monday, March 19, 2012
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
Early Computers | 1930s - 1980s AD
What is an abacus?able to perform simple math calculations
In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?he invented the first freely programmable computer
Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.
In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?US Navy for gunnery and ballistic calc
Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.
In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom? Census Bureau
What does UNIVAC stand for?Universal Automatic Computer
In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?International Business Machines
What is FORTRAN?first successful high level programming language
Post a photo of the first mouse.
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?made them a more friendly tool
What is the significance of ARPnet?Adv Research Projects Agency Network; protect info between military
In 1971, Intel introduced this? Post a photo of it.First single chip microprocessor
In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.First memory disk
In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?first Ethernet computer network
During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.
Altair^
Apple I^
Apple II^
TRS-80^
Commodore PET^
In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?MS-DOS computer operating system
Post a photo of the Lisa computer.
In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?Apple
What is GUI?Graphical User Interface
Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?Apple Macintosh computer
The commercial only ran one time. When?during super bowl in 1984
In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?Windows Operating System
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?1977
Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"? small programs hidden in other programs
Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.Palettes option and type tool in the tool box
Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
I think they will become more popular and used more
In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?he invented the first freely programmable computer
Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.
In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?US Navy for gunnery and ballistic calc
Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.
In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom? Census Bureau
What does UNIVAC stand for?Universal Automatic Computer
In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?International Business Machines
What is FORTRAN?first successful high level programming language
Post a photo of the first mouse.
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?made them a more friendly tool
What is the significance of ARPnet?Adv Research Projects Agency Network; protect info between military
In 1971, Intel introduced this? Post a photo of it.First single chip microprocessor
In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.First memory disk
In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?first Ethernet computer network
During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed. Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.
Altair^
Apple I^
Apple II^
TRS-80^
Commodore PET^
In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?MS-DOS computer operating system
Post a photo of the Lisa computer.
In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?Apple
What is GUI?Graphical User Interface
Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it?Apple Macintosh computer
The commercial only ran one time. When?during super bowl in 1984
In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?Windows Operating System
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak
When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?1977
Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"? small programs hidden in other programs
Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications.Palettes option and type tool in the tool box
Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
I think they will become more popular and used more
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD
Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?Engravings or woodcuts
What is a camera obscura?"dark chamber" ; optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen
Post an example of a camera obscura.
How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?as a way to observe light
From where did the photographic camera develop?from the portable box and the ability to accept a sheet of light sensitive material ti capture the image or scene
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?Sir john Hershel; greek words for light and writing
Post an the first photograph.
Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?Joseph Niepce
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Louis Daguerre; it was expensive but it stayed permanment
Post an example of a Calotype image.
Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?William Fox Talbot; it was too wet but it kinda worked
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Frederick Scott Archer; it was wet and they needed a dry way
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Richard maddox; it used gelatin
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? making photography available to all; he invented roll film; Kodak
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?The brownie, it was cheap at $1
What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?patenting polarized light filters and invention of instant photography; Polaroid
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?60 seconds
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?motion picture photographer
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
What is the Zoopraxiscope?device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?He took pictures of the horse in fast motion
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
What is a motion picture projector?
on a projector to shine a light through the film and magnify the "moving picture" onto a screen for an audience
What is a camera obscura?"dark chamber" ; optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen
Post an example of a camera obscura.
How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?as a way to observe light
From where did the photographic camera develop?from the portable box and the ability to accept a sheet of light sensitive material ti capture the image or scene
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?Sir john Hershel; greek words for light and writing
Post an the first photograph.
Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?Joseph Niepce
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Louis Daguerre; it was expensive but it stayed permanment
Post an example of a Calotype image.
Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?William Fox Talbot; it was too wet but it kinda worked
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Frederick Scott Archer; it was wet and they needed a dry way
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?Richard maddox; it used gelatin
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish? making photography available to all; he invented roll film; Kodak
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?The brownie, it was cheap at $1
What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?patenting polarized light filters and invention of instant photography; Polaroid
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?60 seconds
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?motion picture photographer
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
What is the Zoopraxiscope?device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?He took pictures of the horse in fast motion
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
What is a motion picture projector?
on a projector to shine a light through the film and magnify the "moving picture" onto a screen for an audience
The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD
Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter? Christopher Sholes
What is a "stenographer"?Typewriters
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?He thought stenographers would use it the most so he sent it for critique
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?The typewriter took a long time to typeset and copy words
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?all of the type already set
Post an example of Linotype Machine.
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?Linotype allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?It allowed an entire line of metal at once which made it faster
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?It allowed for an entire line of metal at once.
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?Assembled line of type is then cast as a single piece
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
Because it makes it faster and possible for more than 8 pages.
What is a "stenographer"?Typewriters
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?He thought stenographers would use it the most so he sent it for critique
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?The typewriter took a long time to typeset and copy words
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?all of the type already set
Post an example of Linotype Machine.
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?Linotype allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?It allowed an entire line of metal at once which made it faster
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?It allowed for an entire line of metal at once.
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?Assembled line of type is then cast as a single piece
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
Because it makes it faster and possible for more than 8 pages.
Thursday, March 1, 2012
The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD
What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?He introduced modern book printing
Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
How did the printing press work? Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable handset block letters held within a wooden form
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?His love of reading motivated him to find a better way to create books
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?because woodcuts were not durable; split in the press after repeated use. Metal Type could be reproduced more quickly once a single mold could be made
Post an example of movable type in a type case.
What is moveable type?Is the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document
What is a matrix?Hard metal punch is hammered into a softer copper bar, creating a matrix. Matrix could be reused so that same character appearing anywhere within the book will appear very unifrom
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?Oil-based ink, more durable than water-based ink.
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?Substrate made from wood pulp, from the Chinese.
What is a "substrate"?Plant
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? he seeked Fust and he agreed to invest, but after 5 years if he could not repay the loan, Fust would get the press, tools and materials. Towards the end, Fust sued Gutenberg.
What was the first book he printed?
Bible
Post an example of this book.
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?It perfected script and made it easier to read and books were made more rapidly.
Who introduced the printing press to England?William Caxton
What was the early form of newspapers?trade newsletters
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?The Boston Newsletter
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?The Steam Powered rotary press
Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?Impressions were what was printed onto a page.
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?Relief Printing; movable type is place onto the press. Ink is spread onto the type. paper is placed on the top. The press applies direct pressure to transfer the ink to the paper.
Post an example of an intaglio press.
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? Image is etched into the place surface to hold the ink.
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?Printmaking and it is forced through the open mesh areas.
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
What is lithography and how is ink transferred?Printing from a flat surface. Water is applied.
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?Offset Lithography
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?They are faster and more creative with type.
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
How did the printing press work? Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable handset block letters held within a wooden form
What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?His love of reading motivated him to find a better way to create books
Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type?because woodcuts were not durable; split in the press after repeated use. Metal Type could be reproduced more quickly once a single mold could be made
Post an example of movable type in a type case.
What is moveable type?Is the system of printing that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document
What is a matrix?Hard metal punch is hammered into a softer copper bar, creating a matrix. Matrix could be reused so that same character appearing anywhere within the book will appear very unifrom
What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?Oil-based ink, more durable than water-based ink.
What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?Substrate made from wood pulp, from the Chinese.
What is a "substrate"?Plant
Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened? he seeked Fust and he agreed to invest, but after 5 years if he could not repay the loan, Fust would get the press, tools and materials. Towards the end, Fust sued Gutenberg.
What was the first book he printed?
Bible
Post an example of this book.
How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?It perfected script and made it easier to read and books were made more rapidly.
Who introduced the printing press to England?William Caxton
What was the early form of newspapers?trade newsletters
When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?The Boston Newsletter
What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?The Steam Powered rotary press
Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?Impressions were what was printed onto a page.
Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?Relief Printing; movable type is place onto the press. Ink is spread onto the type. paper is placed on the top. The press applies direct pressure to transfer the ink to the paper.
Post an example of an intaglio press.
What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred? Image is etched into the place surface to hold the ink.
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?Printmaking and it is forced through the open mesh areas.
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
What is lithography and how is ink transferred?Printing from a flat surface. Water is applied.
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?Offset Lithography
How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?They are faster and more creative with type.
Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
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